Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Ceremony marks end of Japanese occupation of Korea. 9 Sept. 1945. Department of the Navy. ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/>.
The photograph depicts the celebrations following the freedom of Korea from Japanese occupational rule. The image was used in the creation of the timeline on the Glory Days page of our web site. It offered an interesting visual perspective of what it was like for the nation to finally be free after decades of foreign rule.
Chang. Juche Tower. N.d. Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com/gallery.html>.
The Juche Tower is a monument to the glory of North Korea in Pyongyang. We used a photograph of the tower on the "Juche" page of our web site. It provided evidence in support of our argument that Juche is a highly prevalent and essential element of North Korean life.
The Complete National Anthems of the World / Aegukka. Cond. Peter Breiner. Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra. 2013. M4P file.
We used this audio recording of the North Korean National anthem is performed by the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra as the audio for the home page of our web site. It was useful in creating an authentic and rich media environment to welcome new visitors to our web site and served as a sort of introduction into the North Korean topic.
DPRK Embassy. "Food Situation in Pyongyang." Letter to GDR Foreign Ministry. 14 Sept. 1959. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This letter between the North Korean embassy and the East German embassy foreshadowed a worsening food situation in North Korea. In 1959, the country was experiencing powerful economic growth, and yet it struggled in feeding its people. This primary source is useful in understanding the public supply system in North Korea.
Haggard, Stephan. Personal interview. 4 Jan. 2014.
Stephan Haggard's work with Marcus Noland on print publications and their online blog about Human Rights in North Korea meant that he had plenty of valuable information to give our group about modern North Korea. His insights about the nuclear crisis and economic situation in the country were unique and interesting. Also, his knowledge about politics in the region and specifically in North Korea itself was a big asset to our project.
Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. "Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation." UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (2009): 1-33. Print.
Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation by Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland, analyzes the role of the prominent threat of nuclear weapons in the way foreign governments interact with the North Korean government. It discusses the role that food aid should or should not play within the ongoing negotiations for denuclearization. We used this book as context for our Foreign Relations and Modern North Korea page, especially when discussing the complex ethics and politics of sending food aid to this rogue regime.
Heather, David, and Koen De Ceuster. North Korean posters : the David Heather collection. Munich: Prestel, 2008. Print.
This book contained over one hundred high resolution North Korean propaganda posters. They were printed in high quality, and in vivid color, perfect for the website. Scans of these propaganda posters were used on many pages of the website, including the "Marxist Origins," "Glory Days," and "Arduous March" pages.
Ivanov, Viktor Semyonovich. Stalin the Great - Luminary of Communism! 1952. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This Soviet propaganda poster depicts Josef Stalin beside a fireplace, smoking a pipe, holding a book of Communist teachings. The Russian caption proclaims "Stalin the Great - Luminary of Communism!" Josef Stalin's cult of personality in Russia declared the General Secretary to be an intellectual mastermind, pioneering the successful Marxist theory of the Soviet Union. We used this image of Stalin on the "Marxist Origins" page, to juxtapose Stalin's cult of personality to Kim Il-Sung's.
"James Choi Spackman." FNTIMEs.com. FNTIMES.com, 1992. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. <http://www.fntimes.com/>.
This image was of James Choi Spackman, Chairman Emeritus of Prudential Life Planner. He was a interviewee born in North Korea, and we used this image of him on the interviews page.
Johnson, Robert. "Check Out These Twisted North Korean Propaganda Posters." Business Insider. Business Insider, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.businessinsider.com/>.
This website article provided us with powerful propaganda posters that we used throughout our website. These posters helped to add depth to our project and insight on the North Korean propaganda machine. We used one, praising the Ch'ollima Worker's Movement, on our "The Juche Philosophy" page.
Jones, James, dir. Secret State of North Korea. Prod. James Jones. PBS Frontline, 2013. Secret State of North Korea. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/secret-state-of-north-korea/>.
Talking about the opening of North Korea through the smuggling of information, such as DVDs or magazines, this film contained footage taken from inside North Korea combined with interviews from eminent professors of Korea-Pacific studies such as Victor Cha and Sue Mi Terry. It was very useful in discussing the future of North Korea and the Kims, as well as making analytical predictions about the directions the regime must take to survive. We used this film, due to its discussion of outside forces and their growing influence on the people as well as the "Dictator's Dilemma", on our Modern Korea page.
"JOURNAL OF SOVIET AMBASSADOR TO THE DPRK A.M. PUZANOV FOR 11 APRIL 1957." Letter to A. M. Puzanov. 11 Apr. 1957. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This conversation between the Soviet Union and North Korea emphasizes the important of Soviet aid in North Korean economic growth. North Korea always emphasized heavy industrial growth over agricultural growth or the supply of consumer goods, often to the dismay of the Kremlin. This dialog explains how the Soviet Union begrudgingly aided North Korean industrial growth.
Kim, Il-Sung. "On eliminating dogmatism and formalism and establishing Juche in ideological work." Speech to Party Propagandists and Agitators. Pyongyang. 28 Dec. 1955. Marxists Internet Archive. Marxists Internet Archive, 2008. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://marxists.org>.
This speech from Kim Il-Sung is a classic example of communistic rhetoric. Words like "dogmatism," "flunkeyism," and "imperialists" are frequently used to stir his partisans. We used this speech in several quotes, and learned about the situation in the 1950s in North Korea.
- - -. On Juche in our Revolution. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1975. Print.
This book, written by Kim Il-Sung and printed in Pyongyang, was one of our most valuable sources. It featured over five hundred pages of primary source speeches, given by Kim Il-Sung. They covered all bases in North Korean politics and society, including revolution, education, economics, labor organization, central planning, foreign relations, and plans for reunification. We liberally quoted from his works, which helped us to gain a North Korea perspective, difficult to find in our Western media.
- - -. "THIRD PARTY CONGRESS OF THE KOREAN WORKERS PARTY HELD FROM 24 TO 30 APRIL 1956." Korean Worker's Party Central Committee. Pyongyang. 24 Apr. 1956. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This primary source stressed the disparity between North Korea in the 1950s and North Korea today. After the country's founding and continuing for three decades, North Koreans generally enjoyed a high quality of life, especially among its socialist peers. We used this source to quote production statistics on the "Glory Days" page.
Kim, Jong-Il. "On Further Developing Mass Gymnastics." Mass Gymnastics Producers. 11 Apr. 1987. Speech.
This speech by Kim Jong-Il explains the role of the Juche idea and its relevance to the Mass Games. We used this speech for a quote on our "Mass Games" page, to explain the importance of Mass Games to the DPRK and Juche.
- - -. On the Juche Idea. Korea DPR, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com>.
This work by Kim Jong-Il was his intellectual "coming out" in the party circle. He would go on to succeed his father in less than a decade, and needed to establish himself as an intellectual, as all communist leaders historically do. We quoted this source several times, usually on the nature an success of Juche.
Kim, Seung-chul. E-mail interview by Benjamin Sachrison. 11 Apr. 2014.
Our group's interview with Mr. Kim was essential in helping gain multiple perspectives on the situation within North Korea. It also was extremely interesting to learn that changes are taking place within the North Korean regime. Mr. Kim is president for the North Korean Reform Radio, a group that is taking actions to create changes in the North Korean system, specifically focusing on the freedom of speech and the flow of information. From Mr. Kim, we obtained the perspective of rebellious North Koreans seeking change, the conscientious South Korean aiding the North, and the mood of the average South Korean and his or her opinion on the situation in the North.
Kim-Il-Sung . Fine Art. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/108_240095>
The portrait of the Dear Leader Kim Il-sung guiding the people's army into victory against the Japanese colonizers was used on our thesis page to help highlight the reasons why the Korean people love and respect Kim Il-sung for freeing them from chains of colonization.
Kim Il Sung. 1967. Hulton Archive. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com/>.
This image of Kim Il-sung meeting happy workers was used on our Glory Days page. It showed the economic development present in North Korea at the time.
Kim Il Sung. N.d. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This image of Kim Il-Sung was used in the creation of the Glory Days page of our web site.
Kim Il Sung. 29 Mar. 1958. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This is an image of Kim Il-Sung marching with his troops in China. This picture was taken 1958, near the height of North Korea's industrial might, thus making it an excellent representation of the country's economic boom times. The image was used as a visual aid on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
"Kim Il-sung." Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Juche 100, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com/index.html>.
This propaganda image of a smiling Kim Il-Sung surrounded by the loving faces of the North Korean citizens was used on our Dear Leader page to help depict the belief that everything revolves around Kim Il-sung. These beliefs are constantly indoctrinated into the minds of North Korean citizens through the countries propaganda machine.
"Kim Il-sung on Juche as Political Religion in North Korea." Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs. Georgetown University, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/>.
This quote by Kim Il-sung regarding the role original role of the Juche ideology within North Korean provides insight into the original practice and purpose of Juche in the eyes of its creator, Kim Il-sung. This quote was utilized on the thesis page to help reveal the guiding forces and beliefs of the Juche ideology.
"Korean Armistice Agreement (1953)." ABC-CLIO World Geography. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://worldgeography.abc-clio.com/>.
This primary source, the Armistice agreement between North and South Korea, was essential in the creation of the modern division between the two nations. We used the source in the timeline on the Glory Days page of our web site.
"Korean Armistice Agreement signed." Image. National Archives. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
The Korean Armistice Agreement partitioned Korea - the effects of which still reverberate to this day. This image illustrates the actual signing of this agreement, and it was used on our timeline on the Glory Days page.
"Korean War Photo Gallery." History Channel. A&E Television Networks, LLC, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://history.com>.
These images from the History Channel were used as visual accompaniments in the creation of the Korean War and Responsibility of the Partition pages of our web site.
"A Letter to Stalin from Kim, Il-sung & Park, Hyun-young 9. 29, 1950)." Koreanwar.com: Korean War Archive Project. Institute of History, Korea University, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.koreanwar.com/archive/archive.html>.
This letter from Stalin to Kim Il-sung is written in Korean, but it describes the possibility of peace talks and negotiations with the Americans. We used this document on our Korean War page.
"LifeYear of the Snake Famous Snakes and their shared traits." GB Times. GB Times, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://gbtimes.com>.
This website provided a very high quality propaganda poster of Mao Zedong. The image was used on our "Marxist Origins" page.
A Look Inside N. Korea. Photographer. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2753226>
The portrait of the North Korean workers uniting under the guiding leadership of the Dear Leader Kim Il-sung was used on our thesis page to help highlight the fact that Kim Il-sung is the prominent figure within the Juche ideology.
Meston, Harvey. 38th Parallel, South Korea. N.d. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This landscape shot from above shows part of the DMZ around 1960. This image was used on the timeline on the "Glory Days" page as well as on the "Responsibility of the Partition" page.
Napalm bombing, Korean War, 1951. May 1951. US NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION. SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This image of American napalm bombing during the Korean War was used on our "Korean War" page. It helps the viewer to comprehend the violent state of warfare on the peninsula in the 1950s.
"North Korea flag." Flag. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
This picture of the North Korean flag was used on our Marxist Origins page to illustrate the small differences between classical communism and the creative application of Marxism-Leninism that is Juche.
"North Korean soldiers guard demilitarized zone." Image. Department of Defense. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
We used this image of North Korean soldiers guarding the DMZ on our "Responsibility of the Partition" page.
Nuclear Facility, North Korea. 18 Oct. 2000. Photograph. Science Photo Library. Universal Images Group. 132_1301482.
This image was taken by Space Imaging's Kronos satellite of Myohyang Mountain in Hagap, North Korea. The photograph is of a suspected nuclear base in North Korea. It was helpful in adding a visual element to the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis Page" of our web site.
Platt, Spencer. "The UN Security Council Addresses North Korea's Recent Rocket Launch." Britannica Image Quest. Britannica, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014.
This image was taken during the April 13th, 2009 UN negotiations with North Korea regarding their recent rocket launch at the time. The image was used in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page of our web site.
Pyongyang. Pyongyang, DPRK: Korea Pictorial, 1990. Print.
This book contains troves of high quality images of the capital city of Pyongyang in North Korea. The images were a useful way for our group to gain graphic evidence of what the capital city of the country our project analyzes looks like. We also found the source useful in making our web site more visually rich.
"Report, Embassy of Hungary in North Korea to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry" April 05, 1962, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, MOL, XIX-J-1-j Korea, 13. doboz, 27/a, 0025/RT/1962. Translated for NKIDP by Balazs Szalontai. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113487>
This primary source correspondence between the Hungarian and North Korean embassies is a telling chronicle of tensions between socialist countries. The Hungarian ambassador criticizes the Korean Worker's Party for its criticism of Soviet revisionism. Since interpretations of Marxist thinking are controversial in leftist thought, tensions ran high when theory turned to reality. After the death of Stalin, Khrushchev turned to revisionism over Stalinism when running the Soviet Union. This was offensive to North Korea, being dogmatic in their commitment to traditional Marxism. This source helped us to understand the political factions between socialist bloc countries.
Roi, Wang Yon. Pyongyang. Ed. Kim In Il. Pyongyang: n.p., n.d. Print.
This book contained many useful images showing the sheer grandeur of North Korean celebrations. We will use these images throughout the site to show the idea of han-nara, or moving as a contiguous whole, and how it plays a role in Juche.
Seth, Michael. E-mail interview. 15 Dec. 2013.
Professor Seth offered a fantastic description and analysis on the philosophy of juche. As this is one of the main branches of of our project, his information and extensive knowledge was extremely useful to our project. Equally important, Professor Seth gave unique insights into how juche plays a role in the inner workings of everyday Korean citizens as well as how the government utilizes it in national and international politics.
Shirk, Susan. Personal interview. 14 Dec. 2013.
This interview with Susan Shirk was a valuable source of information regarding economic policy and courses of action regarding food aid. Professor Shirk was of the opinion that food aid should remain separate from politics (acting as neither a carrot or a stick). In addition, as a three-time visitor to North Korea, she was able to provide firsthand evidence and information regarding conditions inside the regime. This interview will be useful for quotes on our pages about food aid and economic policy.
"South Korea - Constitution." International Committee of the Red Cross. International Committee of the Red Cross, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.icrc.org>.
We used this copy of the South Korean Constitution in an excerpt on the timeline on the "Glory Days" page. It juxtaposed the constitutions of the North and South and contrasted the two documents. We highlighted specifically the differences in civil rights guaranteed in the two constitutions.
Spackman, James Choi. Videoconference interview. 5 Apr. 2014.
We were blessed with the opportunity to interview Mr. Spackman who presented our group with a South Korean view point regarding the relations between the two Koreas. Due to his prominence in the business world, he was able to explain the business relationship between the two nations and how these partnerships may help to improve the inter-Korean political environment. He also spoke a great deal about how the Korean War has left a mark on the psyche of the elder generations of South Korean: it has left them with a great distrust of the North Koreans and a disgust for the North Korean leaders. Mr. Spackman, believes that for this reason, it must be the younger generation of South Koreans to help improve the countries relations and hopefully form a true, united Korea.
Tower Of Juche, Ideal Exhorting The Non-dependance On Others, Pyongyang, North Korea, Asia.Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/151_2487690>
The Juche tower is just one of many monuments around Pyongyang praising the successes of the Juche idea. We used this image of the Juche tower on the "Juche Philosophy" page to represent the North Korean propaganda machine and its constant praise of Juche.
"The Workers' Party of Korea." Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Korean Friendship Association, 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com>.
This webpage, taken from North Korea's official website, details political factions and organizations within the country. We specifically used the page for an image of the Korean Worker's Party flag, for use on the "Marxist Origins" page.
"Yongbyon Nuclear Facility." Image. National Security Archive (www.nsarchive.org). World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 1 Feb. 2014.
This image was taken via satellite in 1970 of the Yongbyon nuclear facility in North Korea. In 2007, it was reported that North Korea had agreed to shut down the facility in exchange for fuel, oil, and other aid. The image was used in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page on our web site.
Secondary Sources
ABC News. North Korea Missile Launch Successful: White House Calls Act 'Highly Provocative'. YouTube. YouTube, 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMHbx24Ak4k>.
2012's DPRK missile launch is documented in this ABC newscast clip. The video gives some insight into the reaction of the North Korean people and was useful in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page of our web site.
Armstrong, Charles K. "Juche and North Korea's Global Aspirations." 2009. MS.
Armstrong's paper discusses North Korea's Third World Diplomacy program and its eventual failure, as well as the consequences the fall of the Soviet bloc had on North Korea's globalization. The paper was useful in determining the role of Juche in North Korea's foreign policy, as well as the contradictions in North Korea's food aid program.
Becker, Jasper. Rogue regime : Kim Jong Il and the looming threat of North Korea. Oxford: Oxfored University Press, 2005. Print.
Kim Jong-Il's regime is discussed at length in this book. It briefly chronicles the Kim dynasty, then moves to describing the current nuclear crisis and foreign relations of North Korea. This book is written from a decidedly Western perspective, as evident in its title, "Rogue Regime." This book is biased against the Kim regime, but was useful in learning the point of view against the current government
Caprio, Mark E. "North Korea—Profile." Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. 347-350. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
A general overview of North Korea, modern and historical details of the country are discussed in this source. Also, the source spreads its focus evenly over economics, politics, and culture in North Korea. We benefited greatly from the overview because it helped our group to gain a broad base from which to build and expand our knowledge about the country our project focuses on.
Cha, Victor. The Impossible State. New York: HarperCollins, 2012. Print.
Victor Cha's The Impossible State gives a detailed insight into the North Korean lifestyle, values, and culture. It contained not only in-depth information and analysis, but also references to and excerpts of good primary sources; as Victor Cha was formerly the advisor to President Bush regarding North Korea, he possessed tremendous knowledge and experience. Such a view into a country about which many people know very little is a priceless resource and was a valuable aid in learning about the country we researched for our project. We used this book throughout our website, to provide a base for our research but also primary source quotes.
Cha, Victor D., and David C. Kang. Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies. New York: Columbia UP, 2003. Print.
Professors Cha and Kang's work on North Korean nuclear politics discusses the background of the "rogue regime" of North Korea as well as talking about what the US must do to diplomatically advance with North Korea. This book is very useful in general for our website, and we will likely use this book for information on our "Modern Korea" page.
Chadwick, Richard W. "North Korea: The Hermit Kingdom in the Global Era." History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide. Ed. Sonia G. Benson, Nancy Matuszak, and Meghan Appel O'Meara. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 2002. 225-237. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
The detailed and in-depth timeline-oriented look at the historical context of North Korea relating to modern crises such as the nuclear tensions with the UN and United States government provided by Chadwick's article aided us in the creation of the timeline on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
"The Cold War Comes to Korea: 1945–1948." Korean War Reference Library. Ed. Sonia G. Benson and Gerda-Ann Raffaelle. Vol. 1: Almanac and Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 15-16. World History in Context. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
Soviet Union and United States interests greatly influenced the Korean peninsula after World War II. This article provided us with detailed analysis of the relationship these two global powers had with North Korea and exactly how they changed the peninsula. We used it to help write the "Responsibility of the Partition" page on our web site.
"A Country Study: North Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 18 Oct. 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
Provided by the Library of Congress, this collection of articles supplied us with information of every kind in North Korean history, society, and modern politics. We used many pictures from these articles on the "Glory Days" page of our web site, including a picture of the North Korean "Arch of Triumph," propaganda posters, photos of working factory floors, and celebrations of Juche.
"A Country Study: South Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
We used this collection of Library of Congress articles on the "Glory Days" timeline, using an image of the South Korean flag. In a broader sense, we learned about South Korean history, serving to provide a different perspective of the Korean peninsula.
Cumings, Bruce. Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. Print.
Bruce Cumings' book, Korea's Place in the Sun, offers an extensive analytical look into the lives of North Korean people and the inner workings of the country during this modern era. Through Cumings' thorough analysis and presentation of North Korean information, our group was able to expand and deepen the extent of our knowledge about North Korea as a whole.
- - -. North Korea: Another Country. New York: The New Press, 2004. Print.
Cumings's book, North Korea: Another Country, gives a detailed presentation of North Korea's evolution from the mid 1900s to the modern day. The information provided throughout this analysis provided our group with more recent historical information about North Korea, as well as a unique connection between that history and how it has affected North Korea's position in the world today.
Demick, Barbara. Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010. Print.
This book chronicles the lives of six North Koreans across fifteen years, including the aptly named Arduous March and the food shortages thereof. The book talks about concepts in Juche and North Korean political philosophy and how it related to the ordinary people of North Korea. It was very helpful in developing and fleshing out our notions of Juche and how unity into a cohesive whole is inordinately valued in the Korean state. We used the information present in this book to get a North Korean perspective on the government and the regime. This perspective provides a counterpoint to the regime's propaganda.
Digital Posters. WordPress, 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://digitalpostercollection.com/propaganda/1950-1953-korean-war/china/>.
Digital Posters.com contained propaganda posters from various wars. This was a helpful resource because the propaganda posters were taken from numerous countries, thus offering many different perspectives. The posters we used were from Mao-era China, and showed the Chinese perspective on the Korean war and the Korean Communist regime. The Chinese posters were used on our Korean War page to give a non-US and non-Korean viewpoint on the war.
Fleury, Pieter, dir. North Korea: A Day in the Life. YouTube. Google, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQSIEAz3rws>.
By watching "North Korea: A Day in the Life" our group was able to follow the lives of an ordinary Korean family throughout their daily lives. We observe the members of the family attending school, going to work, and participating in English classes. Within the film, we were able to observe some of the propaganda posters that line the streets of Pyongyang and fill the schools, effectively indoctrinating the people with the love for the Kims and a hate for the American imperialistic ideals. We used the knowledge we gained from this documentary to better understand the beliefs and ideals of the Korean citizens.
French, Paul. North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula. New York: Zed, 2005. Print.
This book explores the recent history of the DPRK, including sections on economics. The book was used for information on Juche as well as a synopsis of the development of the DPRK's nuclear program. We used the information in this book all throughout our website, but the book served primarily as a research function.
The General Assembly. "UN Resolution 195." UN.org. United Nations, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://un.org>.
UN Resolution 195 declared that the newly created government of South Korea was a lawful, fair, democratic government, and was the only such government on the Korean peninsula. This resolution endorses the democratic South while condemning the North. We put the resolution on the "Glory Days" page, and quoted the resolution on the Glory Days timeline to juxtapose patriotic North Korean propaganda with the reality in the International Community.
Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. Witness to Tranformation: Refugee Insights into North Korea. Washington DC: Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2011. Print.
The book Witness to Transformation was a very useful work regarding food aid, famine, and refugee problems in North Korea. The book contains many graphs discussing these fields, which were useful in providing evidence for our site. The book also focused on the economic aspects of the Juche philosophy, which will be useful for our Juche page on our website.
Harden, Blaine. Escape from Camp 14. New York: Penguin Group, 2012. Print.
Blaine Harden's book follows the life of the political prisoner Shin Dong-hyuk and his escape from a North Korean concentration camp. The book details the abuses committed by the guards and reveals the terrible human rights situation in North Korea. We will use information from this book on our Human Rights page.
Harrold, Michael. Comrades and Strangers: Behind the Closed Doors of North Korea. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. Print.
Through Harrold's unique gathering of first-hand experiences in North Korea during the 80s, we were able to learn a lot about the young North Korean elite and ruling classes. The insight into the culture of Pyongyang during that period was an invaluable resource in the building of our project.
Hastings, Max. The Korean War. First Touchstone ed. 1987. New York: Simon, 1988. Print.
The large number of relevant images contained in this book, The Korean War by Max Hastings were vital to our website. These images and the in-depth analysis on the motivations and effects of this war were used on our Korean War page to illustrate the far-reaching economic, political, and social consequences of the war.
Hoare, J. E., and Susan Pares. North Korea in the 21st Century: An Interpretative Guide. Kent: Global Oriental, 2005. Print.
We used this book to learn about the practical applications of Juche. We learned about its implications in the economics and politics of North Korea, and its history from its establishment by Kim Il-Sung to the modern day.
Hodge, Nathan. "North Korea: The Mother of All Stability Ops?" Wired. Condé Nast, 28 May 2009. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wired.com>.
This article was used for a picture of a sign in North Korea. It is a picture of a rusted sign marking the Korean border, or DMZ. Today, the DMZ is one of the most heavily armed regions in the world. We used this image on the "Responsibility of the Partition" page, in order to illustrate the long and violent history of the border.
"Hunger Politics." North Korea Now:A Human Rights Camapign for Global Awareness in North Korea. North Korea Now, 2014. Web. 18 Jan. 2014. <http://www.northkoreanow.org/>.
This site contained photographs, drawings and articles about the lead up to and circumstances following the Arduous march. It also contained fascinating ethical discussion about the food aid policies of the US. It was used on our "Human Rights" page as well as our "Modern North Korea page, for quotes and images.
"Introduction to the Korean War (1950–1953)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014.
This article provides a general overview of the ideas and events involved in the start and aftermath of the Korean War. While the source does not contain detailed analysis of the subject, it did offer our group a chance to have a starting point from which to continue research into the important issue.
Juche Strong. Dir. Rob Montz. Moving Picture Institute, 2013. Film.
This documentary contained useful information that helped us better under the ideology of Juche. It had many interviews with professors, as well as footage of the Mass Games and historical propaganda videos. As it provided numerous reasons behind the development and specific tenets of the Juche philosophy, including a thorough explanation of the influence of older Korean traditions on the race-based nationalism aspects of Juche, it was put liberally throughout our site.
"Juche Strong": A Dialogue on the Posturing and Propaganda of North Korea. YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 21 Aug. 2013. <http://youtu.be/eGr1VLy7akI>.
Published by the Cato Institute, this video discussed North Korean propaganda and Juche. The panel discussed though North Koreans are for the most part utterly immersed in propaganda, they are aware of the outside world. As Doug Bandow says "They are aware that the truth is out there, but they don't know what exactly the truth is". This clip was not used on our website, but it was useful in developing a general understanding of the logic behind North Korean propaganda.
Kirby, Michael Donald, Sonja Biserko, and Mazruki Darusman. Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. New York: UN, 2013. Print.
This extensive report into human rights abuses was commissioned by the UN Committee for Human Rights. It contained lists of the human rights violations committed by the DPRK in the fields of freedom of speech, arbitrary detention, and freedom of political association. In addition, there were numerous primary source interviews, quotes, and testimony. We used this report for our "Human Rights" page on our website.
"Korean War (1950–1953)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
Article about the U.S. military involvement in the Korean war; probably just going to end up being background information since it doesn't relate that much to main topic
Lafforgue, Eric. "Videoblog post." North Korea DPRK. Flickr, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
This blog by Eric Lafforgue contained thousands of beautiful photographs of North Korea, with emphasis on propaganda, the Mass Games, and the sheer scale and glory of North Korean ceremony. We used these images all over the site, particularly on the "Mass Games" page.
Lankov, Andrei Nikolaevich. From Stalin to Kim Il Sung. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2002. Print.
This book my Andrei Lankov was used to gain background history of the partition between North and South Korea, as well as in the creation of the Responsibility of the Partition page on our web site.
- - -. The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia. New York: Oxford University, 2013. Print.
Andrei Lankov's book focuses on the history of North Korea and the development and execution of Juche philosophy. In addition, this book discusses possible future engagement strategies, which will be useful for our website's page on the same ideas. Overall, this book was very useful as a detailed analysis of of the mysterious country of North Korea.
Lee, Grace. "The Political Philosophy of Juche." Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs 3.1 (2003): 105-12. Print.
This paper by Grace Lee provided good, in-depth analysis of the philosophy of Juche, as well as numerous sources and quotes. The work was key to finding good quotes about the philosophy and intent of Juche, while at the same time giving us an idea about what to write on our "Juche" page.
Martin, Bradley K. Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2006. Print.
Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader is one of the most thorough books written on North Korean history. It provided us with invaluable knowledge, especially on the controversial life of Kim Il-Sung.
Noland, Marcus, and Stephan Haggard. Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Print.
This excellent book gave us information on the origins of the famine and the aftermath of this crisis. It studied the North Korean regime's response to foreign aid and the countries economic issues following the famine.
"North Korea." World Report 2014. Human Rights Watch, 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/north-korea>.
This website contains information about the multitude of human rights abuses present in North Korea. With good analysis and detailed explanations of the violations, this website was very valuable to us. We used this website for information on our "Human Rights" page.
"North Korea: Country Overview." World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 8 Sept. 2013.
The country overview of North Korea on ABC-Clio World Geography gives a thorough and well constructed look into a large spectrum of North Korean life. The source was useful for building a larger base knowledge of the country we are researching and about which we will be doing our project.
"North Korea profile." BBC. BBC, 7 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://bbc.co.uk>.
This slideshow on the BBC web site was used for its image content as well as in the creation of the timeline on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
North Korea: Witness to Transformation. Peterson Institute for International Economics, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.piie.com/blogs/nk/?author=28>.
This blog provides our group with updated information on the current events of North Korea and provides analysis from Professor Haggard on these events.
Oberdorfer, Don. The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History. Indianapolis: Basic Books, 2001. Print.
We used Oberdorfer's book because of its insight on the modern history of North Korea, as well as it's fantastic primary source quotes. The book's information aided us in the creation of multiple parts of our web site.
Oh, Justine. "Pictures." North Korea, Citizens of the Isolated Country. N.p., 2 May 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~oh20j/classweb/index.html>.
This site was useful for not only its pictures, but also for its many links to other sources. The pictures are of the Korean War, as well as current pictures and a smattering of posters, and will be used throughout our website.
Reilly, Jill. "Here's Us with the Kims: North Koreans Flock in Their Thousands to Celebrate 100th Anniversary of Founding Father's Birth...With a Happy Snap in Front of Massive Portrait." Mail Online News. Ed. Paul Dacre. Associated Newspapers, 19 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.dailymail.co.uk>.
This article provided us with a quote about the Kimilsungia flower, showing the extent of the personality cult around the Kims.
Sang-hun, Choe. "North Korean Tell U.N. Panel of Prison Camp Abuses." New York Times [New York] 21 Aug. 2013, National ed., Front Page: 8. Print.
This article, as the title explains, talks about the abuses committed by the North Korean government in its prison camps. Numerous former prisoners testify that North Korea has committed multiple human rigths abuses. We will use this article on our human rights page for its specific testimony regarding the human rights abuses committed by North korea.
Shin, Dong-hyuk, Hye-suk Kim, and Myung-Choi Ahn, illus. North Korean Political Prison Camps Drawn by Defectors. Seoul: Network for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights, n.d. Print.
This pamphlet contained many graphic drawings drawn by former North Korean political prisoners of life inside the concentration camps. The images will be used on our human rights page to show the abuses committed by the North Korean government against its people.
"South Korea: World War II and Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, June 1990. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
The information provided in this source from the Library of Congress provided us with useful information on how World War II affected the Koreas. The summary of the interwar period between World War II and the Korean War provided insight into the Cold War conflict and the turbulent governments of the period. During World War II, the allied powers agreed that Korea should be granted self-determination and sovereignty. Despite this, both the United States and the Soviet Union threatened to take the entire peninsula. To avoid another war, Truman and Stalin agreed to divide the peninsula at the 38th parallel. Despite efforts to create a united, democratic Korea, each side formed its own nation, setting the stage for the Korean War.
A State of Mind. Ed. Peter Haddon. Dir. and prod. Daniel Gordon. YouTube. YouTube, 2013. Web. 22 June 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/user/RaresCraciunas?feature=watch>.
Following the lives of two girls preparing for North Korea's Mass Games, A State of Mind gives a unique view into the daily lives of North Korean citizens and how they view their government. The documentary discusses popular view of the Kim dynasty as well as the Ardous March and famines that have beset Korea in years past.
Stumpf, Matt. "North Korea Chooses Guns Over Google." The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com>.
This article from The Atlantic featured a beautiful picture of the North Korean legislature, with large, three-dimensional pictures of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il, along with the Korean Worker's Party hammer and sickle, with artist's brush, a Korean embellishment. We used this picture on the top of the "Modern North Korea" page.
WEATHERSBY, KATHRYN. "SOVIET AIMS IN KOREA AND THE ORIGINS OF THE KOREAN WAR, 1945-1950: NEW EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN ARCHIVES." Cold War International History Project 8 (1993): n. pag. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wilsoncenter.org>.
This scholarly journal article discusses the perilous history of the Korean peninsula between the end of World War II and the start of the Korean War. We used information from the journal in writing and organizing the "Responsibility of the Partition" page and the "Korean War" page.
Weathersby, Kathryn, Shen Zhihua, and Bernd Schäfer. "New Evidence on North Korea." COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN, ISSUE 14/15: n. pag. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wilsoncenter.org>.
This academic journal gave several perspectives on foreign relations and the economy of North Korea from 1945 to about 1960. One especially helpful article analyzed North Korea's relation with East Germany during the Sino-Soviet split. This article was essential in understanding the ideological differences and differences in foreign policy between these socialist countries.
Yoon, Dae-Kyu. "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications." Fordham International Law Journal 27.4 (2003): n. pag. Fordham University. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://fordham.edu>.
This academic analysis of North Korean Constitutions was vital in understanding the progression of the Juche ideology through the years. The first Constitution in 1948 established Juche by law, and established universal rights for all Koreans, even those in the south, since the North Korean government saw itself as the rightful leadership of the entire peninsula. The first revision to the constitution in 1972 changed some legal matters, but most importantly, Kim Il-Sung was promoted to the formal head of state, or presidency. In 2009, the revised constitution completely dropped any mention of communism. This is significant because the new constitution speaks to the evolution of Juche. It moved from, as Kim Il-Sung said, a "creative appli[cation] of the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism" to a wholly nationalistic, autocratic doctrine, arguably with racial overtones. This source helped us by giving us quotes of various constitutions, and providing much needed analysis on the important of the revisions of the document.
Ceremony marks end of Japanese occupation of Korea. 9 Sept. 1945. Department of the Navy. ABC-CLIO World History: The Modern Era. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/>.
The photograph depicts the celebrations following the freedom of Korea from Japanese occupational rule. The image was used in the creation of the timeline on the Glory Days page of our web site. It offered an interesting visual perspective of what it was like for the nation to finally be free after decades of foreign rule.
Chang. Juche Tower. N.d. Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com/gallery.html>.
The Juche Tower is a monument to the glory of North Korea in Pyongyang. We used a photograph of the tower on the "Juche" page of our web site. It provided evidence in support of our argument that Juche is a highly prevalent and essential element of North Korean life.
The Complete National Anthems of the World / Aegukka. Cond. Peter Breiner. Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra. 2013. M4P file.
We used this audio recording of the North Korean National anthem is performed by the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra as the audio for the home page of our web site. It was useful in creating an authentic and rich media environment to welcome new visitors to our web site and served as a sort of introduction into the North Korean topic.
DPRK Embassy. "Food Situation in Pyongyang." Letter to GDR Foreign Ministry. 14 Sept. 1959. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This letter between the North Korean embassy and the East German embassy foreshadowed a worsening food situation in North Korea. In 1959, the country was experiencing powerful economic growth, and yet it struggled in feeding its people. This primary source is useful in understanding the public supply system in North Korea.
Haggard, Stephan. Personal interview. 4 Jan. 2014.
Stephan Haggard's work with Marcus Noland on print publications and their online blog about Human Rights in North Korea meant that he had plenty of valuable information to give our group about modern North Korea. His insights about the nuclear crisis and economic situation in the country were unique and interesting. Also, his knowledge about politics in the region and specifically in North Korea itself was a big asset to our project.
Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. "Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation." UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (2009): 1-33. Print.
Sanctioning North Korea: The Political Economy of Denuclearization and Proliferation by Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland, analyzes the role of the prominent threat of nuclear weapons in the way foreign governments interact with the North Korean government. It discusses the role that food aid should or should not play within the ongoing negotiations for denuclearization. We used this book as context for our Foreign Relations and Modern North Korea page, especially when discussing the complex ethics and politics of sending food aid to this rogue regime.
Heather, David, and Koen De Ceuster. North Korean posters : the David Heather collection. Munich: Prestel, 2008. Print.
This book contained over one hundred high resolution North Korean propaganda posters. They were printed in high quality, and in vivid color, perfect for the website. Scans of these propaganda posters were used on many pages of the website, including the "Marxist Origins," "Glory Days," and "Arduous March" pages.
Ivanov, Viktor Semyonovich. Stalin the Great - Luminary of Communism! 1952. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This Soviet propaganda poster depicts Josef Stalin beside a fireplace, smoking a pipe, holding a book of Communist teachings. The Russian caption proclaims "Stalin the Great - Luminary of Communism!" Josef Stalin's cult of personality in Russia declared the General Secretary to be an intellectual mastermind, pioneering the successful Marxist theory of the Soviet Union. We used this image of Stalin on the "Marxist Origins" page, to juxtapose Stalin's cult of personality to Kim Il-Sung's.
"James Choi Spackman." FNTIMEs.com. FNTIMES.com, 1992. Web. 6 Apr. 2014. <http://www.fntimes.com/>.
This image was of James Choi Spackman, Chairman Emeritus of Prudential Life Planner. He was a interviewee born in North Korea, and we used this image of him on the interviews page.
Johnson, Robert. "Check Out These Twisted North Korean Propaganda Posters." Business Insider. Business Insider, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <http://www.businessinsider.com/>.
This website article provided us with powerful propaganda posters that we used throughout our website. These posters helped to add depth to our project and insight on the North Korean propaganda machine. We used one, praising the Ch'ollima Worker's Movement, on our "The Juche Philosophy" page.
Jones, James, dir. Secret State of North Korea. Prod. James Jones. PBS Frontline, 2013. Secret State of North Korea. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/secret-state-of-north-korea/>.
Talking about the opening of North Korea through the smuggling of information, such as DVDs or magazines, this film contained footage taken from inside North Korea combined with interviews from eminent professors of Korea-Pacific studies such as Victor Cha and Sue Mi Terry. It was very useful in discussing the future of North Korea and the Kims, as well as making analytical predictions about the directions the regime must take to survive. We used this film, due to its discussion of outside forces and their growing influence on the people as well as the "Dictator's Dilemma", on our Modern Korea page.
"JOURNAL OF SOVIET AMBASSADOR TO THE DPRK A.M. PUZANOV FOR 11 APRIL 1957." Letter to A. M. Puzanov. 11 Apr. 1957. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington DC. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This conversation between the Soviet Union and North Korea emphasizes the important of Soviet aid in North Korean economic growth. North Korea always emphasized heavy industrial growth over agricultural growth or the supply of consumer goods, often to the dismay of the Kremlin. This dialog explains how the Soviet Union begrudgingly aided North Korean industrial growth.
Kim, Il-Sung. "On eliminating dogmatism and formalism and establishing Juche in ideological work." Speech to Party Propagandists and Agitators. Pyongyang. 28 Dec. 1955. Marxists Internet Archive. Marxists Internet Archive, 2008. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://marxists.org>.
This speech from Kim Il-Sung is a classic example of communistic rhetoric. Words like "dogmatism," "flunkeyism," and "imperialists" are frequently used to stir his partisans. We used this speech in several quotes, and learned about the situation in the 1950s in North Korea.
- - -. On Juche in our Revolution. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1975. Print.
This book, written by Kim Il-Sung and printed in Pyongyang, was one of our most valuable sources. It featured over five hundred pages of primary source speeches, given by Kim Il-Sung. They covered all bases in North Korean politics and society, including revolution, education, economics, labor organization, central planning, foreign relations, and plans for reunification. We liberally quoted from his works, which helped us to gain a North Korea perspective, difficult to find in our Western media.
- - -. "THIRD PARTY CONGRESS OF THE KOREAN WORKERS PARTY HELD FROM 24 TO 30 APRIL 1956." Korean Worker's Party Central Committee. Pyongyang. 24 Apr. 1956. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org>.
This primary source stressed the disparity between North Korea in the 1950s and North Korea today. After the country's founding and continuing for three decades, North Koreans generally enjoyed a high quality of life, especially among its socialist peers. We used this source to quote production statistics on the "Glory Days" page.
Kim, Jong-Il. "On Further Developing Mass Gymnastics." Mass Gymnastics Producers. 11 Apr. 1987. Speech.
This speech by Kim Jong-Il explains the role of the Juche idea and its relevance to the Mass Games. We used this speech for a quote on our "Mass Games" page, to explain the importance of Mass Games to the DPRK and Juche.
- - -. On the Juche Idea. Korea DPR, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com>.
This work by Kim Jong-Il was his intellectual "coming out" in the party circle. He would go on to succeed his father in less than a decade, and needed to establish himself as an intellectual, as all communist leaders historically do. We quoted this source several times, usually on the nature an success of Juche.
Kim, Seung-chul. E-mail interview by Benjamin Sachrison. 11 Apr. 2014.
Our group's interview with Mr. Kim was essential in helping gain multiple perspectives on the situation within North Korea. It also was extremely interesting to learn that changes are taking place within the North Korean regime. Mr. Kim is president for the North Korean Reform Radio, a group that is taking actions to create changes in the North Korean system, specifically focusing on the freedom of speech and the flow of information. From Mr. Kim, we obtained the perspective of rebellious North Koreans seeking change, the conscientious South Korean aiding the North, and the mood of the average South Korean and his or her opinion on the situation in the North.
Kim-Il-Sung . Fine Art. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/108_240095>
The portrait of the Dear Leader Kim Il-sung guiding the people's army into victory against the Japanese colonizers was used on our thesis page to help highlight the reasons why the Korean people love and respect Kim Il-sung for freeing them from chains of colonization.
Kim Il Sung. 1967. Hulton Archive. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com/>.
This image of Kim Il-sung meeting happy workers was used on our Glory Days page. It showed the economic development present in North Korea at the time.
Kim Il Sung. N.d. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This image of Kim Il-Sung was used in the creation of the Glory Days page of our web site.
Kim Il Sung. 29 Mar. 1958. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This is an image of Kim Il-Sung marching with his troops in China. This picture was taken 1958, near the height of North Korea's industrial might, thus making it an excellent representation of the country's economic boom times. The image was used as a visual aid on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
"Kim Il-sung." Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Juche 100, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com/index.html>.
This propaganda image of a smiling Kim Il-Sung surrounded by the loving faces of the North Korean citizens was used on our Dear Leader page to help depict the belief that everything revolves around Kim Il-sung. These beliefs are constantly indoctrinated into the minds of North Korean citizens through the countries propaganda machine.
"Kim Il-sung on Juche as Political Religion in North Korea." Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs. Georgetown University, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. <http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/>.
This quote by Kim Il-sung regarding the role original role of the Juche ideology within North Korean provides insight into the original practice and purpose of Juche in the eyes of its creator, Kim Il-sung. This quote was utilized on the thesis page to help reveal the guiding forces and beliefs of the Juche ideology.
"Korean Armistice Agreement (1953)." ABC-CLIO World Geography. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://worldgeography.abc-clio.com/>.
This primary source, the Armistice agreement between North and South Korea, was essential in the creation of the modern division between the two nations. We used the source in the timeline on the Glory Days page of our web site.
"Korean Armistice Agreement signed." Image. National Archives. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
The Korean Armistice Agreement partitioned Korea - the effects of which still reverberate to this day. This image illustrates the actual signing of this agreement, and it was used on our timeline on the Glory Days page.
"Korean War Photo Gallery." History Channel. A&E Television Networks, LLC, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://history.com>.
These images from the History Channel were used as visual accompaniments in the creation of the Korean War and Responsibility of the Partition pages of our web site.
"A Letter to Stalin from Kim, Il-sung & Park, Hyun-young 9. 29, 1950)." Koreanwar.com: Korean War Archive Project. Institute of History, Korea University, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.koreanwar.com/archive/archive.html>.
This letter from Stalin to Kim Il-sung is written in Korean, but it describes the possibility of peace talks and negotiations with the Americans. We used this document on our Korean War page.
"LifeYear of the Snake Famous Snakes and their shared traits." GB Times. GB Times, 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://gbtimes.com>.
This website provided a very high quality propaganda poster of Mao Zedong. The image was used on our "Marxist Origins" page.
A Look Inside N. Korea. Photographer. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest. Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/115_2753226>
The portrait of the North Korean workers uniting under the guiding leadership of the Dear Leader Kim Il-sung was used on our thesis page to help highlight the fact that Kim Il-sung is the prominent figure within the Juche ideology.
Meston, Harvey. 38th Parallel, South Korea. N.d. Hulton Archive. Getty Images/Universal Images Group. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This landscape shot from above shows part of the DMZ around 1960. This image was used on the timeline on the "Glory Days" page as well as on the "Responsibility of the Partition" page.
Napalm bombing, Korean War, 1951. May 1951. US NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION. SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Britannica Image Quest. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://quest.eb.com>.
This image of American napalm bombing during the Korean War was used on our "Korean War" page. It helps the viewer to comprehend the violent state of warfare on the peninsula in the 1950s.
"North Korea flag." Flag. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
This picture of the North Korean flag was used on our Marxist Origins page to illustrate the small differences between classical communism and the creative application of Marxism-Leninism that is Juche.
"North Korean soldiers guard demilitarized zone." Image. Department of Defense. World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
We used this image of North Korean soldiers guarding the DMZ on our "Responsibility of the Partition" page.
Nuclear Facility, North Korea. 18 Oct. 2000. Photograph. Science Photo Library. Universal Images Group. 132_1301482.
This image was taken by Space Imaging's Kronos satellite of Myohyang Mountain in Hagap, North Korea. The photograph is of a suspected nuclear base in North Korea. It was helpful in adding a visual element to the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis Page" of our web site.
Platt, Spencer. "The UN Security Council Addresses North Korea's Recent Rocket Launch." Britannica Image Quest. Britannica, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2014.
This image was taken during the April 13th, 2009 UN negotiations with North Korea regarding their recent rocket launch at the time. The image was used in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page of our web site.
Pyongyang. Pyongyang, DPRK: Korea Pictorial, 1990. Print.
This book contains troves of high quality images of the capital city of Pyongyang in North Korea. The images were a useful way for our group to gain graphic evidence of what the capital city of the country our project analyzes looks like. We also found the source useful in making our web site more visually rich.
"Report, Embassy of Hungary in North Korea to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry" April 05, 1962, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, MOL, XIX-J-1-j Korea, 13. doboz, 27/a, 0025/RT/1962. Translated for NKIDP by Balazs Szalontai. <http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113487>
This primary source correspondence between the Hungarian and North Korean embassies is a telling chronicle of tensions between socialist countries. The Hungarian ambassador criticizes the Korean Worker's Party for its criticism of Soviet revisionism. Since interpretations of Marxist thinking are controversial in leftist thought, tensions ran high when theory turned to reality. After the death of Stalin, Khrushchev turned to revisionism over Stalinism when running the Soviet Union. This was offensive to North Korea, being dogmatic in their commitment to traditional Marxism. This source helped us to understand the political factions between socialist bloc countries.
Roi, Wang Yon. Pyongyang. Ed. Kim In Il. Pyongyang: n.p., n.d. Print.
This book contained many useful images showing the sheer grandeur of North Korean celebrations. We will use these images throughout the site to show the idea of han-nara, or moving as a contiguous whole, and how it plays a role in Juche.
Seth, Michael. E-mail interview. 15 Dec. 2013.
Professor Seth offered a fantastic description and analysis on the philosophy of juche. As this is one of the main branches of of our project, his information and extensive knowledge was extremely useful to our project. Equally important, Professor Seth gave unique insights into how juche plays a role in the inner workings of everyday Korean citizens as well as how the government utilizes it in national and international politics.
Shirk, Susan. Personal interview. 14 Dec. 2013.
This interview with Susan Shirk was a valuable source of information regarding economic policy and courses of action regarding food aid. Professor Shirk was of the opinion that food aid should remain separate from politics (acting as neither a carrot or a stick). In addition, as a three-time visitor to North Korea, she was able to provide firsthand evidence and information regarding conditions inside the regime. This interview will be useful for quotes on our pages about food aid and economic policy.
"South Korea - Constitution." International Committee of the Red Cross. International Committee of the Red Cross, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.icrc.org>.
We used this copy of the South Korean Constitution in an excerpt on the timeline on the "Glory Days" page. It juxtaposed the constitutions of the North and South and contrasted the two documents. We highlighted specifically the differences in civil rights guaranteed in the two constitutions.
Spackman, James Choi. Videoconference interview. 5 Apr. 2014.
We were blessed with the opportunity to interview Mr. Spackman who presented our group with a South Korean view point regarding the relations between the two Koreas. Due to his prominence in the business world, he was able to explain the business relationship between the two nations and how these partnerships may help to improve the inter-Korean political environment. He also spoke a great deal about how the Korean War has left a mark on the psyche of the elder generations of South Korean: it has left them with a great distrust of the North Koreans and a disgust for the North Korean leaders. Mr. Spackman, believes that for this reason, it must be the younger generation of South Koreans to help improve the countries relations and hopefully form a true, united Korea.
Tower Of Juche, Ideal Exhorting The Non-dependance On Others, Pyongyang, North Korea, Asia.Photography. Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.Web. 26 Jan 2014.<http://quest.eb.com/images/151_2487690>
The Juche tower is just one of many monuments around Pyongyang praising the successes of the Juche idea. We used this image of the Juche tower on the "Juche Philosophy" page to represent the North Korean propaganda machine and its constant praise of Juche.
"The Workers' Party of Korea." Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Korean Friendship Association, 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.korea-dpr.com>.
This webpage, taken from North Korea's official website, details political factions and organizations within the country. We specifically used the page for an image of the Korean Worker's Party flag, for use on the "Marxist Origins" page.
"Yongbyon Nuclear Facility." Image. National Security Archive (www.nsarchive.org). World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 1 Feb. 2014.
This image was taken via satellite in 1970 of the Yongbyon nuclear facility in North Korea. In 2007, it was reported that North Korea had agreed to shut down the facility in exchange for fuel, oil, and other aid. The image was used in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page on our web site.
Secondary Sources
ABC News. North Korea Missile Launch Successful: White House Calls Act 'Highly Provocative'. YouTube. YouTube, 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMHbx24Ak4k>.
2012's DPRK missile launch is documented in this ABC newscast clip. The video gives some insight into the reaction of the North Korean people and was useful in the creation of the "Foreign Relations and the Nuclear Crisis" page of our web site.
Armstrong, Charles K. "Juche and North Korea's Global Aspirations." 2009. MS.
Armstrong's paper discusses North Korea's Third World Diplomacy program and its eventual failure, as well as the consequences the fall of the Soviet bloc had on North Korea's globalization. The paper was useful in determining the role of Juche in North Korea's foreign policy, as well as the contradictions in North Korea's food aid program.
Becker, Jasper. Rogue regime : Kim Jong Il and the looming threat of North Korea. Oxford: Oxfored University Press, 2005. Print.
Kim Jong-Il's regime is discussed at length in this book. It briefly chronicles the Kim dynasty, then moves to describing the current nuclear crisis and foreign relations of North Korea. This book is written from a decidedly Western perspective, as evident in its title, "Rogue Regime." This book is biased against the Kim regime, but was useful in learning the point of view against the current government
Caprio, Mark E. "North Korea—Profile." Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. 347-350. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
A general overview of North Korea, modern and historical details of the country are discussed in this source. Also, the source spreads its focus evenly over economics, politics, and culture in North Korea. We benefited greatly from the overview because it helped our group to gain a broad base from which to build and expand our knowledge about the country our project focuses on.
Cha, Victor. The Impossible State. New York: HarperCollins, 2012. Print.
Victor Cha's The Impossible State gives a detailed insight into the North Korean lifestyle, values, and culture. It contained not only in-depth information and analysis, but also references to and excerpts of good primary sources; as Victor Cha was formerly the advisor to President Bush regarding North Korea, he possessed tremendous knowledge and experience. Such a view into a country about which many people know very little is a priceless resource and was a valuable aid in learning about the country we researched for our project. We used this book throughout our website, to provide a base for our research but also primary source quotes.
Cha, Victor D., and David C. Kang. Nuclear North Korea: A Debate on Engagement Strategies. New York: Columbia UP, 2003. Print.
Professors Cha and Kang's work on North Korean nuclear politics discusses the background of the "rogue regime" of North Korea as well as talking about what the US must do to diplomatically advance with North Korea. This book is very useful in general for our website, and we will likely use this book for information on our "Modern Korea" page.
Chadwick, Richard W. "North Korea: The Hermit Kingdom in the Global Era." History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide. Ed. Sonia G. Benson, Nancy Matuszak, and Meghan Appel O'Meara. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 2002. 225-237. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
The detailed and in-depth timeline-oriented look at the historical context of North Korea relating to modern crises such as the nuclear tensions with the UN and United States government provided by Chadwick's article aided us in the creation of the timeline on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
"The Cold War Comes to Korea: 1945–1948." Korean War Reference Library. Ed. Sonia G. Benson and Gerda-Ann Raffaelle. Vol. 1: Almanac and Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 15-16. World History in Context. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.
Soviet Union and United States interests greatly influenced the Korean peninsula after World War II. This article provided us with detailed analysis of the relationship these two global powers had with North Korea and exactly how they changed the peninsula. We used it to help write the "Responsibility of the Partition" page on our web site.
"A Country Study: North Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 18 Oct. 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
Provided by the Library of Congress, this collection of articles supplied us with information of every kind in North Korean history, society, and modern politics. We used many pictures from these articles on the "Glory Days" page of our web site, including a picture of the North Korean "Arch of Triumph," propaganda posters, photos of working factory floors, and celebrations of Juche.
"A Country Study: South Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
We used this collection of Library of Congress articles on the "Glory Days" timeline, using an image of the South Korean flag. In a broader sense, we learned about South Korean history, serving to provide a different perspective of the Korean peninsula.
Cumings, Bruce. Korea's Place in the Sun: A Modern History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. Print.
Bruce Cumings' book, Korea's Place in the Sun, offers an extensive analytical look into the lives of North Korean people and the inner workings of the country during this modern era. Through Cumings' thorough analysis and presentation of North Korean information, our group was able to expand and deepen the extent of our knowledge about North Korea as a whole.
- - -. North Korea: Another Country. New York: The New Press, 2004. Print.
Cumings's book, North Korea: Another Country, gives a detailed presentation of North Korea's evolution from the mid 1900s to the modern day. The information provided throughout this analysis provided our group with more recent historical information about North Korea, as well as a unique connection between that history and how it has affected North Korea's position in the world today.
Demick, Barbara. Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2010. Print.
This book chronicles the lives of six North Koreans across fifteen years, including the aptly named Arduous March and the food shortages thereof. The book talks about concepts in Juche and North Korean political philosophy and how it related to the ordinary people of North Korea. It was very helpful in developing and fleshing out our notions of Juche and how unity into a cohesive whole is inordinately valued in the Korean state. We used the information present in this book to get a North Korean perspective on the government and the regime. This perspective provides a counterpoint to the regime's propaganda.
Digital Posters. WordPress, 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://digitalpostercollection.com/propaganda/1950-1953-korean-war/china/>.
Digital Posters.com contained propaganda posters from various wars. This was a helpful resource because the propaganda posters were taken from numerous countries, thus offering many different perspectives. The posters we used were from Mao-era China, and showed the Chinese perspective on the Korean war and the Korean Communist regime. The Chinese posters were used on our Korean War page to give a non-US and non-Korean viewpoint on the war.
Fleury, Pieter, dir. North Korea: A Day in the Life. YouTube. Google, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQSIEAz3rws>.
By watching "North Korea: A Day in the Life" our group was able to follow the lives of an ordinary Korean family throughout their daily lives. We observe the members of the family attending school, going to work, and participating in English classes. Within the film, we were able to observe some of the propaganda posters that line the streets of Pyongyang and fill the schools, effectively indoctrinating the people with the love for the Kims and a hate for the American imperialistic ideals. We used the knowledge we gained from this documentary to better understand the beliefs and ideals of the Korean citizens.
French, Paul. North Korea: The Paranoid Peninsula. New York: Zed, 2005. Print.
This book explores the recent history of the DPRK, including sections on economics. The book was used for information on Juche as well as a synopsis of the development of the DPRK's nuclear program. We used the information in this book all throughout our website, but the book served primarily as a research function.
The General Assembly. "UN Resolution 195." UN.org. United Nations, 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://un.org>.
UN Resolution 195 declared that the newly created government of South Korea was a lawful, fair, democratic government, and was the only such government on the Korean peninsula. This resolution endorses the democratic South while condemning the North. We put the resolution on the "Glory Days" page, and quoted the resolution on the Glory Days timeline to juxtapose patriotic North Korean propaganda with the reality in the International Community.
Haggard, Stephan, and Marcus Noland. Witness to Tranformation: Refugee Insights into North Korea. Washington DC: Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2011. Print.
The book Witness to Transformation was a very useful work regarding food aid, famine, and refugee problems in North Korea. The book contains many graphs discussing these fields, which were useful in providing evidence for our site. The book also focused on the economic aspects of the Juche philosophy, which will be useful for our Juche page on our website.
Harden, Blaine. Escape from Camp 14. New York: Penguin Group, 2012. Print.
Blaine Harden's book follows the life of the political prisoner Shin Dong-hyuk and his escape from a North Korean concentration camp. The book details the abuses committed by the guards and reveals the terrible human rights situation in North Korea. We will use information from this book on our Human Rights page.
Harrold, Michael. Comrades and Strangers: Behind the Closed Doors of North Korea. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. Print.
Through Harrold's unique gathering of first-hand experiences in North Korea during the 80s, we were able to learn a lot about the young North Korean elite and ruling classes. The insight into the culture of Pyongyang during that period was an invaluable resource in the building of our project.
Hastings, Max. The Korean War. First Touchstone ed. 1987. New York: Simon, 1988. Print.
The large number of relevant images contained in this book, The Korean War by Max Hastings were vital to our website. These images and the in-depth analysis on the motivations and effects of this war were used on our Korean War page to illustrate the far-reaching economic, political, and social consequences of the war.
Hoare, J. E., and Susan Pares. North Korea in the 21st Century: An Interpretative Guide. Kent: Global Oriental, 2005. Print.
We used this book to learn about the practical applications of Juche. We learned about its implications in the economics and politics of North Korea, and its history from its establishment by Kim Il-Sung to the modern day.
Hodge, Nathan. "North Korea: The Mother of All Stability Ops?" Wired. Condé Nast, 28 May 2009. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wired.com>.
This article was used for a picture of a sign in North Korea. It is a picture of a rusted sign marking the Korean border, or DMZ. Today, the DMZ is one of the most heavily armed regions in the world. We used this image on the "Responsibility of the Partition" page, in order to illustrate the long and violent history of the border.
"Hunger Politics." North Korea Now:A Human Rights Camapign for Global Awareness in North Korea. North Korea Now, 2014. Web. 18 Jan. 2014. <http://www.northkoreanow.org/>.
This site contained photographs, drawings and articles about the lead up to and circumstances following the Arduous march. It also contained fascinating ethical discussion about the food aid policies of the US. It was used on our "Human Rights" page as well as our "Modern North Korea page, for quotes and images.
"Introduction to the Korean War (1950–1953)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014.
This article provides a general overview of the ideas and events involved in the start and aftermath of the Korean War. While the source does not contain detailed analysis of the subject, it did offer our group a chance to have a starting point from which to continue research into the important issue.
Juche Strong. Dir. Rob Montz. Moving Picture Institute, 2013. Film.
This documentary contained useful information that helped us better under the ideology of Juche. It had many interviews with professors, as well as footage of the Mass Games and historical propaganda videos. As it provided numerous reasons behind the development and specific tenets of the Juche philosophy, including a thorough explanation of the influence of older Korean traditions on the race-based nationalism aspects of Juche, it was put liberally throughout our site.
"Juche Strong": A Dialogue on the Posturing and Propaganda of North Korea. YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 21 Aug. 2013. <http://youtu.be/eGr1VLy7akI>.
Published by the Cato Institute, this video discussed North Korean propaganda and Juche. The panel discussed though North Koreans are for the most part utterly immersed in propaganda, they are aware of the outside world. As Doug Bandow says "They are aware that the truth is out there, but they don't know what exactly the truth is". This clip was not used on our website, but it was useful in developing a general understanding of the logic behind North Korean propaganda.
Kirby, Michael Donald, Sonja Biserko, and Mazruki Darusman. Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. New York: UN, 2013. Print.
This extensive report into human rights abuses was commissioned by the UN Committee for Human Rights. It contained lists of the human rights violations committed by the DPRK in the fields of freedom of speech, arbitrary detention, and freedom of political association. In addition, there were numerous primary source interviews, quotes, and testimony. We used this report for our "Human Rights" page on our website.
"Korean War (1950–1953)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2008. World History In Context. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
Article about the U.S. military involvement in the Korean war; probably just going to end up being background information since it doesn't relate that much to main topic
Lafforgue, Eric. "Videoblog post." North Korea DPRK. Flickr, n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
This blog by Eric Lafforgue contained thousands of beautiful photographs of North Korea, with emphasis on propaganda, the Mass Games, and the sheer scale and glory of North Korean ceremony. We used these images all over the site, particularly on the "Mass Games" page.
Lankov, Andrei Nikolaevich. From Stalin to Kim Il Sung. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2002. Print.
This book my Andrei Lankov was used to gain background history of the partition between North and South Korea, as well as in the creation of the Responsibility of the Partition page on our web site.
- - -. The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia. New York: Oxford University, 2013. Print.
Andrei Lankov's book focuses on the history of North Korea and the development and execution of Juche philosophy. In addition, this book discusses possible future engagement strategies, which will be useful for our website's page on the same ideas. Overall, this book was very useful as a detailed analysis of of the mysterious country of North Korea.
Lee, Grace. "The Political Philosophy of Juche." Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs 3.1 (2003): 105-12. Print.
This paper by Grace Lee provided good, in-depth analysis of the philosophy of Juche, as well as numerous sources and quotes. The work was key to finding good quotes about the philosophy and intent of Juche, while at the same time giving us an idea about what to write on our "Juche" page.
Martin, Bradley K. Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2006. Print.
Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader is one of the most thorough books written on North Korean history. It provided us with invaluable knowledge, especially on the controversial life of Kim Il-Sung.
Noland, Marcus, and Stephan Haggard. Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. Print.
This excellent book gave us information on the origins of the famine and the aftermath of this crisis. It studied the North Korean regime's response to foreign aid and the countries economic issues following the famine.
"North Korea." World Report 2014. Human Rights Watch, 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/north-korea>.
This website contains information about the multitude of human rights abuses present in North Korea. With good analysis and detailed explanations of the violations, this website was very valuable to us. We used this website for information on our "Human Rights" page.
"North Korea: Country Overview." World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 8 Sept. 2013.
The country overview of North Korea on ABC-Clio World Geography gives a thorough and well constructed look into a large spectrum of North Korean life. The source was useful for building a larger base knowledge of the country we are researching and about which we will be doing our project.
"North Korea profile." BBC. BBC, 7 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://bbc.co.uk>.
This slideshow on the BBC web site was used for its image content as well as in the creation of the timeline on the "Glory Days" page of our web site.
North Korea: Witness to Transformation. Peterson Institute for International Economics, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.piie.com/blogs/nk/?author=28>.
This blog provides our group with updated information on the current events of North Korea and provides analysis from Professor Haggard on these events.
Oberdorfer, Don. The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History. Indianapolis: Basic Books, 2001. Print.
We used Oberdorfer's book because of its insight on the modern history of North Korea, as well as it's fantastic primary source quotes. The book's information aided us in the creation of multiple parts of our web site.
Oh, Justine. "Pictures." North Korea, Citizens of the Isolated Country. N.p., 2 May 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~oh20j/classweb/index.html>.
This site was useful for not only its pictures, but also for its many links to other sources. The pictures are of the Korean War, as well as current pictures and a smattering of posters, and will be used throughout our website.
Reilly, Jill. "Here's Us with the Kims: North Koreans Flock in Their Thousands to Celebrate 100th Anniversary of Founding Father's Birth...With a Happy Snap in Front of Massive Portrait." Mail Online News. Ed. Paul Dacre. Associated Newspapers, 19 Apr. 2012. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.dailymail.co.uk>.
This article provided us with a quote about the Kimilsungia flower, showing the extent of the personality cult around the Kims.
Sang-hun, Choe. "North Korean Tell U.N. Panel of Prison Camp Abuses." New York Times [New York] 21 Aug. 2013, National ed., Front Page: 8. Print.
This article, as the title explains, talks about the abuses committed by the North Korean government in its prison camps. Numerous former prisoners testify that North Korea has committed multiple human rigths abuses. We will use this article on our human rights page for its specific testimony regarding the human rights abuses committed by North korea.
Shin, Dong-hyuk, Hye-suk Kim, and Myung-Choi Ahn, illus. North Korean Political Prison Camps Drawn by Defectors. Seoul: Network for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights, n.d. Print.
This pamphlet contained many graphic drawings drawn by former North Korean political prisoners of life inside the concentration camps. The images will be used on our human rights page to show the abuses committed by the North Korean government against its people.
"South Korea: World War II and Korea." Library of Congress. Library of Congress, June 1990. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://loc.gov>.
The information provided in this source from the Library of Congress provided us with useful information on how World War II affected the Koreas. The summary of the interwar period between World War II and the Korean War provided insight into the Cold War conflict and the turbulent governments of the period. During World War II, the allied powers agreed that Korea should be granted self-determination and sovereignty. Despite this, both the United States and the Soviet Union threatened to take the entire peninsula. To avoid another war, Truman and Stalin agreed to divide the peninsula at the 38th parallel. Despite efforts to create a united, democratic Korea, each side formed its own nation, setting the stage for the Korean War.
A State of Mind. Ed. Peter Haddon. Dir. and prod. Daniel Gordon. YouTube. YouTube, 2013. Web. 22 June 2013. <https://www.youtube.com/user/RaresCraciunas?feature=watch>.
Following the lives of two girls preparing for North Korea's Mass Games, A State of Mind gives a unique view into the daily lives of North Korean citizens and how they view their government. The documentary discusses popular view of the Kim dynasty as well as the Ardous March and famines that have beset Korea in years past.
Stumpf, Matt. "North Korea Chooses Guns Over Google." The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com>.
This article from The Atlantic featured a beautiful picture of the North Korean legislature, with large, three-dimensional pictures of Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jong-Il, along with the Korean Worker's Party hammer and sickle, with artist's brush, a Korean embellishment. We used this picture on the top of the "Modern North Korea" page.
WEATHERSBY, KATHRYN. "SOVIET AIMS IN KOREA AND THE ORIGINS OF THE KOREAN WAR, 1945-1950: NEW EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN ARCHIVES." Cold War International History Project 8 (1993): n. pag. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wilsoncenter.org>.
This scholarly journal article discusses the perilous history of the Korean peninsula between the end of World War II and the start of the Korean War. We used information from the journal in writing and organizing the "Responsibility of the Partition" page and the "Korean War" page.
Weathersby, Kathryn, Shen Zhihua, and Bernd Schäfer. "New Evidence on North Korea." COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN, ISSUE 14/15: n. pag. Wilson Center Digital Archive. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://www.wilsoncenter.org>.
This academic journal gave several perspectives on foreign relations and the economy of North Korea from 1945 to about 1960. One especially helpful article analyzed North Korea's relation with East Germany during the Sino-Soviet split. This article was essential in understanding the ideological differences and differences in foreign policy between these socialist countries.
Yoon, Dae-Kyu. "The Constitution of North Korea: Its Changes and Implications." Fordham International Law Journal 27.4 (2003): n. pag. Fordham University. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. <http://fordham.edu>.
This academic analysis of North Korean Constitutions was vital in understanding the progression of the Juche ideology through the years. The first Constitution in 1948 established Juche by law, and established universal rights for all Koreans, even those in the south, since the North Korean government saw itself as the rightful leadership of the entire peninsula. The first revision to the constitution in 1972 changed some legal matters, but most importantly, Kim Il-Sung was promoted to the formal head of state, or presidency. In 2009, the revised constitution completely dropped any mention of communism. This is significant because the new constitution speaks to the evolution of Juche. It moved from, as Kim Il-Sung said, a "creative appli[cation] of the universal principles of Marxism-Leninism" to a wholly nationalistic, autocratic doctrine, arguably with racial overtones. This source helped us by giving us quotes of various constitutions, and providing much needed analysis on the important of the revisions of the document.